Monday, April 1, 2002

04012002 - MCL 769.4A: Michigan's Loophole To The Lautenberg Amendment - Federal DV Gun Ban - 18 U.S.C. § 921

Also See:
















"Discharge and dismissal under this section shall be without adjudication of guilt and is not a conviction for purposes of this section or for purposes of disqualifications or disabilities imposed by law upon conviction of a crime."


18 U.S.C. § 921: Lautenberg Amendment; Federal Domestic Violence Gun Ban






THE CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE (EXCERPT)
Act 175 of 1927

769.4a Assault on spouse, former spouse, individual with child in common, dating relationship, or household resident; plea or finding of guilty; deferral of proceedings and order of probation; previous convictions; adjudication of guilt upon violation of probation; mandatory counseling program; costs; circumstances for entering adjudication of guilt; discharge and dismissal; limitation; nonpublic record; definitions.

Sec. 4a.
(1) When an individual who has not been convicted previously of an assaultive crime pleads guilty to, or is found guilty of, a violation of section 81 or 81a of the Michigan penal code, 1931 PA 328, MCL 750.81 and 750.81a, and the victim of the assault is the offender's spouse or former spouse, an individual who has had a child in common with the offender, an individual who has or has had a dating relationship with the offender, or an individual residing or having resided in the same household as the offender, the court, without entering a judgment of guilt and with the consent of the accused and of the prosecuting attorney in consultation with the victim, may defer further proceedings and place the accused on probation as provided in this section. However, before deferring proceedings under this subsection, the court shall contact the department of state police and determine whether, according to the records of the department of state police, the accused has previously been convicted of an assaultive crime or has previously availed himself or herself of this section. If the search of the records reveals an arrest for an assaultive crime but no disposition, the court shall contact the arresting agency and the court that had jurisdiction over the violation to determine the disposition of that arrest for purposes of this section.

(2) Upon a violation of a term or condition of probation, the court may enter an adjudication of guilt and proceed as otherwise provided in this chapter.

(3) An order of probation entered under subsection (1) may include any condition of probation authorized under section 3 of chapter XI of the code of criminal procedure, 1927 PA 175, MCL 771.3, including, but not limited to, requiring the accused to participate in a mandatory counseling program. The court may order the accused to pay the reasonable costs of the mandatory counseling program. The court also may order the accused to participate in a drug treatment court under chapter 10A of the revised judicature act of 1961, 1961 PA 236, MCL 600.1060 to 600.1082. The court may order the defendant to be imprisoned for not more than 12 months at the time or intervals, which may be consecutive or nonconsecutive and within the period of probation, as the court determines. However, the period of imprisonment shall not exceed the maximum period of imprisonment authorized for the offense if the maximum period is less than 12 months. The court may permit day parole as authorized under 1962 PA 60, MCL 801.251 to 801.258. The court may permit a work or school release from jail.

(4) The court shall enter an adjudication of guilt and proceed as otherwise provided in this chapter if any of the following circumstances exist:
(a) The accused commits an assaultive crime during the period of probation.
(b) The accused violates an order of the court that he or she receive counseling regarding his or her violent behavior.
(c) The accused violates an order of the court that he or she have no contact with a named individual.

(5) Upon fulfillment of the terms and conditions, the court shall discharge the person and dismiss the proceedings against the person. Discharge and dismissal under this section shall be without adjudication of guilt and is not a conviction for purposes of this section or for purposes of disqualifications or disabilities imposed by law upon conviction of a crime.

(6) There may be only 1 discharge and dismissal under this section with respect to any individual. The department of state police shall retain a nonpublic record of an arrest and discharge and dismissal under this section. This record shall be furnished to a court or police agency upon request pursuant to subsection (1) or to an office of prosecuting attorney for the purpose of showing that a defendant in a criminal action under section 81 or 81a of the Michigan penal code, 1931 PA 328, MCL 750.81 and 750.81a, or a local ordinance substantially corresponding to section 81 of that act has already once availed himself or herself of this section or for the purpose of determining whether the defendant in a criminal action is eligible for discharge and dismissal of proceedings by a drug treatment court under section 1076

(5) of the revised judicature act of 1961, 1961 PA 236, MCL 600.1076.

(7) As used in this section:
(a) "Assaultive crime" means 1 or more of the following:
(i) That term as defined in section 9a of chapter X.
(ii) A violation of chapter XI of the Michigan penal code, 1931 PA 328, MCL 750.81 to 750.90g.

(iii) A violation of a law of another state or of a local ordinance of a political subdivision of this state or of another state substantially corresponding to a violation described in subparagraph (i) or (ii).

(b) "Dating relationship" means frequent, intimate associations primarily characterized by the expectation of affectional involvement. This term does not include a casual relationship or an ordinary fraternization between 2 individuals in a business or social context.

History: Add. 1978, Act 353, Imd. Eff. July 14, 1978 ;-- Am. 1980, Act 471, Eff. Mar. 31, 1981 ;-- Am. 1994, Act 68, Eff. July 1, 1994 ;-- Am. 2001, Act 208, Eff. Apr. 1, 2002 ;-- Am. 2004, Act 220, Eff. Jan. 1, 2005 ;-- Am. 2006, Act 663, Imd. Eff. Jan. 10, 2007

© 2009 Legislative Council, State of Michigan

18 U.S.C. § 921, Lautenberg Amendment, Domestic Violence Gun Ban, MCL 769.4a, Michigan's loophole to the Lautenberg Amendment, MCL 750.81, MCL 750.81a, Michigan misdemeanor and felony domestic assault crimes dismissed under MCL 769.4a.

Thursday, February 28, 2002

02282002 - Officer David Mitchell - Domestic Abuse And Obstructing Police Officer - Suspended - Detroit PD



DETROIT COP GETS SUSPENSION
March 1, 2002 •• 445 words •• ID: 0203010503. Detroit Free Press

A Detroit police officer was suspended without pay Thursday for allegedly assaulting a woman and a Southfield police officer who was dispatched to help her during a recent domestic incident. Detroit Officer David Mitchell, 39, of the 9th (Gratiot) Precinct is accused of domestic violence and resisting and obstructing a police officer, both misdemeanors, in connection with an incident Saturday at a North Park Drive apartment in Southfield. The charges were read Thursday at a Detroit Police.











BOARD OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS
Minutes of the Regular Board of Police Commissioners Meeting
Thursday, February 28, 2002
The regular meeting of the Detroit Board of Police Commissioners was held on Thursday, February 21, 2002, at 3:00 p.m., at Police Headquarters, 1300 Beaubien – Rm. 328-A, Detroit, MI 48226.

SECRETARY REPORT– EX. DIR. MCDONALD

Suspension

On February 28, 2002, Police Officer David Mitchell, badge 2278, assigned to the Ninth Precinct was suspended without pay by Chief of Police Jerry A. Oliver, Sr.

On February 23, 2002, Sergeant Melvin Williams, badge S-63, of the Internal Affairs Unit Alert Team, was notified by Sergeant Arthur Williams, badge S-1293, of the Notification and Control Unit, that off-duty Police Officer David Mitchell, badge 2278, assigned to the Ninth Precinct, was arrested by the Southfield Police Department for "Assault and Battery/Domestic Violence" and "Resisting and Obstructing a Police Officers in the Performance of Their Duties." Sergeant Williams was informed that Officer Mitchell was incarcerated at the Oakland County Jail.

On February 23, 2002, Police Officer Walter Menzel, and Police Officer Autumm Kennedy, both of the Southfield Police Department responded to a hang up 911 call for assistance. Ms. Pamela Reid, B/F/38, of 16300 North Park Drive Apt #613, informed the Southfield officers that she and Officer Mitchell had an argument and Officer Mitchell threatened to kill her if she reported the incident to the police. Ms. Reid also reported that Officer Mitchell struck her and threw her onto a computer table breaking the table. She further stated that Officer Mitchell grabbed her hair pulling parts of her hair out. When she attempted to call 911 for help Officer Mitchell yanked the phone from the wall. Officer Menzel and Officer Kennedy both observed Ms. Reid’s hair on the bedroom floor and the broken computer table. Officer Menzel and Officer Kennedy observed a weapon on the couch of the house.

They attempted to secure the weapon while they were conducting their investigation. Officer Mitchell blocked the officers attempt to secure his .9mm semi-automatic weapon. Officer Mitchell ran toward the gun and sat on it. Officer Mitchell was ordered to step away from the gun and he replied, "Nobody is going to take my gun, call a supervisor. I’m not giving you my gun." Officer Mitchell at one point flexed his right arm while sitting on the gun and the Southfield officers stepped toward him to secure the gun. Once Officer Menzel secured the gun, Officer Mitchell with a closed fist struck Officer Menzel in the face several times.

The Southfield officers attempted to subdue Officer Mitchell who then grabbed the face of Officer Menzel and with his forefinger attempted to stick his thumb into his eye. Officer Mitchell was sprayed with pepper spray. Officer Mitchell continued his attempt to injure Officer Menzel and he was sprayed again a second time until it took effect. Officer Menzel suffered abrasions to his left cheek and throat and obvious swelling and soreness to the left jaw and he was bleeding. Officer Mitchell was arrested and conveyed to the Oakland County Jail for incarceration. Ms. Reid and Officer Menzel were treated for their injuries at Providence Hospital. Photographs were also taken.

On February 25, 2002, Officer Mitchell was arraigned before Magistrate Eugene Friedman, of the46th District Court. Officer Mitchell stood mute and a plea of "Not Guilty," was entered in his behalf a $5000.00 (10%) bond was posted. Officer Mitchell’s Pre-examination date is scheduled for February 28, 2002, and his Examination date is scheduled for March 4, 2002.

It should be noted that Commander Frazier Shaw, of the Ninth Precinct stated that due to the seriousness of the charges against Officer Mitchell that upon his return to work he will be suspended. Officer Menzel and Officer Kennedy of the Southfield Police department confiscated and placed on evidence two privately owned weapons belonging to Officer Mitchell. Officer Mitchell department approved weapon was not confiscated by the Southfield Police Department.
On February 25, 2002, at approximately 5:30 p.m. Officer Mitchell appeared at the Ninth Precinct and was suspended by his command.

Based upon the above facts, it is recommended that Officer Mitchell be charged with, but not limited to, the following violation of the Detroit Police Rules and Regulations:
CHARGE: CONDUCT UNBECOMING AN OFFICER

Unless contravened by this Commission, the suspension without pay will stand.
There were no contraventions to the above suspension.
CITIZEN COMPLAINTS RECEIVED
2002
2001

During the past week: 24
During the past week: 19

Year to Date: 159
Year to Date: 133

Chairperson Head asked what happened to the officer’s own revolver or his 9mm? Was it confiscated later?
Chief Oliver stated he did not know.




Saturday, February 23, 2002

02232002 - Officer David Mitchell - Suspended For Domestic Assault - Detroit PD



DETROIT COP GETS SUSPENSION
March 1, 2002 •• 445 words •• ID: 0203010503. Detroit Free Press

A Detroit police officer was suspended without pay Thursday for allegedly assaulting a woman and a Southfield police officer who was dispatched to help her during a recent domestic incident. Detroit Officer David Mitchell, 39, of the 9th (Gratiot) Precinct is accused of domestic violence and resisting and obstructing a police officer, both misdemeanors, in connection with an incident Saturday at a North Park Drive apartment in Southfield. The charges were read Thursday at a Detroit Police.











BOARD OF POLICE COMMISSIONERSMinutes of the Regular Board of Police Commissioners Meeting
Thursday, February 28, 2002
The regular meeting of the Detroit Board of Police Commissioners was held on Thursday, February 21, 2002, at 3:00 p.m., at Police Headquarters, 1300 Beaubien – Rm. 328-A, Detroit, MI 48226.

SECRETARY REPORT– EX. DIR. MCDONALDSuspensionOn February 28, 2002, Police Officer David Mitchell, badge 2278, assigned to the Ninth Precinct was suspended without pay by Chief of Police Jerry A. Oliver, Sr.

On February 23, 2002, Sergeant Melvin Williams, badge S-63, of the Internal Affairs Unit Alert Team, was notified by Sergeant Arthur Williams, badge S-1293, of the Notification and Control Unit, that off-duty Police Officer David Mitchell, badge 2278, assigned to the Ninth Precinct, was arrested by the Southfield Police Department for "Assault and Battery/Domestic Violence" and "Resisting and Obstructing a Police Officers in the Performance of Their Duties." Sergeant Williams was informed that Officer Mitchell was incarcerated at the Oakland County Jail.

On February 23, 2002, Police Officer Walter Menzel, and Police Officer Autumm Kennedy, both of the Southfield Police Department responded to a hang up 911 call for assistance. Ms. Pamela Reid, B/F/38, of 16300 North Park Drive Apt #613, informed the Southfield officers that she and Officer Mitchell had an argument and Officer Mitchell threatened to kill her if she reported the incident to the police. Ms. Reid also reported that Officer Mitchell struck her and threw her onto a computer table breaking the table. She further stated that Officer Mitchell grabbed her hair pulling parts of her hair out. When she attempted to call 911 for help Officer Mitchell yanked the phone from the wall. Officer Menzel and Officer Kennedy both observed Ms. Reid’s hair on the bedroom floor and the broken computer table. Officer Menzel and Officer Kennedy observed a weapon on the couch of the house.

They attempted to secure the weapon while they were conducting their investigation. Officer Mitchell blocked the officers attempt to secure his .9mm semi-automatic weapon. Officer Mitchell ran toward the gun and sat on it. Officer Mitchell was ordered to step away from the gun and he replied, "Nobody is going to take my gun, call a supervisor. I’m not giving you my gun." Officer Mitchell at one point flexed his right arm while sitting on the gun and the Southfield officers stepped toward him to secure the gun. Once Officer Menzel secured the gun, Officer Mitchell with a closed fist struck Officer Menzel in the face several times.

The Southfield officers attempted to subdue Officer Mitchell who then grabbed the face of Officer Menzel and with his forefinger attempted to stick his thumb into his eye. Officer Mitchell was sprayed with pepper spray. Officer Mitchell continued his attempt to injure Officer Menzel and he was sprayed again a second time until it took effect. Officer Menzel suffered abrasions to his left cheek and throat and obvious swelling and soreness to the left jaw and he was bleeding. Officer Mitchell was arrested and conveyed to the Oakland County Jail for incarceration. Ms. Reid and Officer Menzel were treated for their injuries at Providence Hospital. Photographs were also taken.

On February 25, 2002, Officer Mitchell was arraigned before Magistrate Eugene Friedman, of the46th District Court. Officer Mitchell stood mute and a plea of "Not Guilty," was entered in his behalf a $5000.00 (10%) bond was posted. Officer Mitchell’s Pre-examination date is scheduled for February 28, 2002, and his Examination date is scheduled for March 4, 2002.

It should be noted that Commander Frazier Shaw, of the Ninth Precinct stated that due to the seriousness of the charges against Officer Mitchell that upon his return to work he will be suspended. Officer Menzel and Officer Kennedy of the Southfield Police department confiscated and placed on evidence two privately owned weapons belonging to Officer Mitchell. Officer Mitchell department approved weapon was not confiscated by the Southfield Police Department.
On February 25, 2002, at approximately 5:30 p.m. Officer Mitchell appeared at the Ninth Precinct and was suspended by his command.

Based upon the above facts, it is recommended that Officer Mitchell be charged with, but not limited to, the following violation of the Detroit Police Rules and Regulations:
CHARGE: CONDUCT UNBECOMING AN OFFICER

Unless contravened by this Commission, the suspension without pay will stand.
There were no contraventions to the above suspension.
CITIZEN COMPLAINTS RECEIVED
2002
2001

During the past week: 24
During the past week: 19

Year to Date: 159
Year to Date: 133

Chairperson Head asked what happened to the officer’s own revolver or his 9mm? Was it confiscated later?
Chief Oliver stated he did not know.








COURT HEARS OF OFFICERS' SCUFFLE
March 29, 2002 •• 610 words •• ID: 0203290513. Detroit Free Press.

A Southfield police officer testified Thursday that a Detroit officer, upset because he was asked to surrender his gun during a domestic argument, punched him in the face and tried to gouge out his eye during a fight. But the Detroit officer's attorney questioned that account and suggested through his questioning that the fight started after a second Southfield officer used a racial slur. He also asked whether the Detroit officer was pepper-sprayed after he had been subdued.


Thursday, January 24, 2002

01242002 - Police Chief Douglas Wright - Charges Dismissed - Benton Harbor PD

Also See:

Chief Douglas Wright - Charged with obstruction of justice [Nov 19, 2001]


Chief Douglas Wright - Domestic violence [August 02, 2001]



January 24, 2002: Berrien Trial Court Judge John Hammond dismissed  charges against Chief Douglas Wright for obstruction of justice [in the investigation of the DV complaint against him].







Cherry recharges former Benton Harbor police chief
Posted: Tuesday, February 5, 2002 12:00 am
Updated: 5:41 pm, Tue Nov 15, 2011.
By LYNN STEVENS / H-P Staff Writer
The Herald-Palladium
http://www.heraldpalladium.com/localnews/cherry-recharges-former-benton-harbor-police-chief/article_892aae1d-c59c-5c03-b592-16e2ecf9e1eb.html

ST. JOSEPH -- Former Benton Harbor Police Chief Douglas Wright has been charged again with domestic violence in an alleged attack on his wife last year.

But Wright won't face a felony charge of obstructing police in the alleged Aug. 2 incident at his city home.

Berrien Trial Court Judge John Hammond had dismissed charges of domestic violence and attempting to obstruct a police investigation against Wright because of procedural errors. Hammond said Berrien County Prosecutor James Cherry had improperly called in a special prosecutor from Allegan County.

Cherry issued a statement Monday saying he will recharge Wright with domestic violence in the alleged attack on his wife, Lucy.

In Michigan, domestic violence is a misdemeanor carrying a maximum penalty of 93 days in the county jail and a fine of $500.

"Unlike the decision by the Allegan County prosecutor," Cherry announced, "I have chosen not to charge Wright with attempting to obstruct justice under the common law. The likelihood of gaining a conviction on this particular charge does not justify the additional time and delay that would be required to bring that charge to trial."

Cherry estimated that the domestic violence charge will be brought to trial within four weeks.

In his statement, Cherry explained he initially disqualified his office from reviewing police reports on the incident because at the time Wright was still Benton Harbor's chief of police.

"The very act of reviewing such reports calls into question claims of favoritism and patronage on one hand, and jeopardizes working relationships on the other," Cherry wrote.

Since that time, Benton Harbor removed Wright from the job. Cherry wrote that the change in job status made action by his office feasible.

"We're happy the felony charge has been dropped," said Wright's lawyer, Tat Parish of Watervliet. "We're disappointed they've chosen to pursue a misdemeanor charge we think is not well founded,"

Parish said Monday afternoon he understands a warrant has been issued for Wright's arrest, and he was making arrangements with Wright to turn himself in for arraignment, as he did the first time charges were brought in the case.











Hammond wrong to dismiss charges
Posted: Tuesday, January 29, 2002 12:00 am
Updated: 5:28 pm, Tue Nov 15, 2011
The Herald Palladium
http://www.heraldpalladium.com/hammond-wrong-to-dismiss-charges/article_85853879-9519-5b43-ae23-44c16ff57002.html

I am appalled at the decision Berrien County Judge Hammond made in dismissing domestic violence charges against former Benton Harbor Police Chief Douglas Wright.

Recently, so many domestic disputes have led to harm and murder. It would seem that the judge would take this opportunity to set an example with someone who is supposed to uphold the law. It is obvious that Wright needs some counseling or anger management.

Prosecutor Jim Cherry did the right thing by immediately distancing himself and Berrien County from the case, to prevent favoritism or other issues from occurring. Apparently this didn't work and someone else called in a favor, or so it seems. It's one more discouraging instance in our legal system.

A person who works for the system isn't tried by the system when he does something wrong. The average person would have to go to court, be labeled for domestic violence, go to counseling and anger management sessions, be evaluated for drug/alcohol abuse and be put on probation. Prosecutor Cherry absolutely did the right thing, but Judge Hammond made a very disappointing and questionable move.

Marlena L. Ballard










Charges against former chief thrown out
Posted: Friday, January 25, 2002 12:00 am
Updated: 5:38 pm, Tue Nov 15, 2011.
By LYNN STEVENS / H-P Staff Writer The Herald-Palladium
http://www.heraldpalladium.com/localnews/charges-against-former-chief-thrown-out/article_817ad42a-7a41-59ca-aeea-bd95aa33f2cd.html

ST. JOSEPH -- Former Benton Harbor Police Chief Douglas Wright may never have to face criminal charges for allegedly beating his wife, then attempting to obstruct a police investigation of the assault.

Berrien Trial Court Judge John Hammond dismissed the charges Thursday after finding a special prosecutor was improperly appointed.

Hammond ruled Berrien County Prosecutor James Cherry acted too soon when he asked for a special prosecutor to be appointed to review the police report and decide if charges should be filed. He also said Cherry had no conflict of interest that would require a special prosecutor.

"Either the prosecutor must be incapable of performing the duties of his office or disqualified by reason of a conflict of interest," Hammond said. "For example, he has had a stroke, or other physical limit. No one's saying that here.

"Or, an example was the prosecutor, until a few days before, had been the defendant's defense attorney on the same case. That was a clear case of conflict of interest.

"The statute, as interpreted by our state Supreme Court, said this applies only to a case in progress. It has nothing to do with instigating a case."

Cherry had asked for a special prosecutor to review the Aug. 2, 2001, incident because he said he had worked closely with Wright since his hiring as police chief in June 2000. Cherry said he did not want his personal relation to color the investigation.

Chief Trial Court Judge Paul Maloney on Aug. 24 asked the Allegan County prosecutor's office to act in Cherry's place.

In December, Wright's attorney, Tat Parish, asked Hammond to dismiss the case because of Maloney's timing. He said appointing a special prosecutor three months before any charges were brought against Wright was legally incorrect.

At that hearing, Parish said, "There is a requirement, set by statute, how and when you appoint a special prosecutor. It appears that wasn't followed."

Cherry declined to comment today beyond a written statement. In it he said, "Prosecutors have long been in a "Catch-22" with regard to complaints made against high ranking county, township and municipal police officials. This remains an unsettled area of the law…"

He noted that a state Senate bill clarifying the procedure is still pending in the Legislature nearly a year after it was introduced.

"Had I decided to review the police reported prepared in this incident and determined them to be insufficient to support a criminal complaint, the integrity of the criminal justice system would have been called into question by claims of favoritism and patronage. Had I reviewed the police reports and authorized charges, I would have jeopardized essential working relationships between my office and, potentially, the entire Benton Harbor Police Department."

He called asking for an outside prosecutor a "long-established, although informal, practice used by myself and my predecessors."

At the December hearing, Hammond had told both Parish and Allegan County Assistant Prosecutor James Champion he realized dismissing the case could cause enormous change to the way the Berrien County Prosecutor's Office has operated for many years. But Hammond said that did not matter.

"If you're wrong, you're wrong," he said.

Wright's wife, Lucy, said last August she thought that because her husband was a police chief, he would never have to face trial for domestic violence. However, Wright's contract with the city of Benton Harbor specifically allowed the city to fire him without severance if he were ever charged with any crime. He was fired after being charged in November.










Was Wright wronged by prosecutor decision?
Posted: Friday, December 7, 2001 12:00 am
Updated: 5:09 pm, Tue Nov 15, 2011.
By LYNN STEVENS / H-P Staff Writer
The Herald-Palladium
http://www.heraldpalladium.com/localnews/was-wright-wronged-by-prosecutor-decision/article_6db68f35-27bf-564b-a659-31d981b87029.html

ST. JOSEPH -- Questions over how Berrien County appointed a special prosecutor has put a crimp in the criminal case against former Benton Harbor Police Chief Douglas Wright.

Wright is accused of attempted obstruction of justice for allegedly trying to keep city police from investigating whether he assaulted his wife, Lucy, Aug. 2 at his city home. Wright additionally faces a misdemeanor domestic violence charge. Wright maintains he is innocent on both counts.

But neither allegation came up at Thursday's preliminary hearing before Berrien Trial Court Judge John Hammond. Instead, the judge, assistant prosecutor James Champion, and Wright's attorney, Tat Parish, disputed whether the Berrien County prosecutor misinterpreted state laws in appointing Champion - who is an assistant prosecutor in Allegan County.

Parish asked Hammond to dismiss the case because Berrien County Prosecutor James Cherry requested that a prosecutor from another county handle the case because he had worked closely with Wright and he wanted to avoid even the appearance of bias.

Parish's argument surprised the judge and Champion.

Hammond briefly recessed the hearing to look for legal precedents. Minutes later, he returned to the courtroom to summarize several previous rulings that seemed to support Parish's claims.

Parish argued those examples proved that the change of prosecutors was made incorrectly. He said Cherry asked for a replacement, and Chief Berrien Trial Court Judge Paul Maloney signed the order for a replacement Aug. 24, nearly three months before any charges were brought against Wright.

"The court did not have the authority to appoint a special prosecutor to aid the investigation," Parish argued. "I don't know of anything that gives the chief judge this power. The preliminary issue is: could Judge Maloney or could any judge have signed the order?

"Second, does the Allegan County Prosecutor have the authority without an order of this court to proceed in this matter?"

Hammond asked him, "You're saying the mere fact the case is a political hot potato does not justify dumping it off onto somebody else?"

"He might be justified, but he hasn't done it the right way," Parish responded. "There is a requirement, set by statute, how and when you appoint a special prosecutor. It appears that wasn't followed.

"The other thing is whether a felony charge of obstructing justice could not be brought under (the law cited by prosecutors) or should be brought as a misdemeanor charge."

Parish said Wright is charged under a law that does not apply. Instead of charging him under the modern misdemeanor charge of attempted obstruction of justice, they charged under common law that he used his office as chief of police to obstruct a police investigation.

Parish said common law is a catch-all relying on judges' rulings before 1787 that cover offenses that would be indictable, felony crimes. In an era without police departments, attempting to obstruct police investigations would have been impossible, Parish said.

He said common law applies only if there is no modern law covering the same thing, but there are at least two laws dealing with obstructing justice under modern law and both are misdemeanors.

"We're saying they cannot use that old, archaic law when there are at least two laws passed by the Legislature that would cover this. It sounds esoteric, but this common law carries a very stiff penalty - five years," Parish said.

Champion said he could not prepare an adequate response to Parish's questions on the spot, but he offered to file a written response later.

Hammond would not agree to the delay. He gave Champion one hour to find a case that supported his being appointed in Cherry's place.

"I appreciate Mr. Champion's being hit with this unawares - as I was - but tough cookies," Hammond said. "There are lots of (law) books here.

"I realize this would mean enormous change to the way things have been done in the Prosecutor's Office in this county for a number of years, but hey, if you're wrong, you're wrong."

After the recess, Hammond agreed to postpone further discussion to January 18. He warned the lawyers to file all objections in writing in advance of that date.

"Let's conclude these problems," Hammond said. "I want this case concluded before I'm out of office."

His term expires at the end of 2004.